China’s progress:
- most cited and patented papers
- matches US on research investments and rate of increase is higher than US
- Offered incentives to remove brain drain. More students are coming back after getting higher research experience from western universities.
- Chinese universities ranked above MIT, Oxford, Stanford in the new 2025 Nature Index.
India’s progress:
- “One Nation, One Subscription”: Access to high-quality journals and papers under one nation-wide subscription for which Indian Government is giving around $700Mn.